Bellezza e Utilità. Prove di integrazione nelle azioni per il paesaggio. Beauty and Utility. Their Integration in the Actions for the Landscape

Rarities and Beauty are the main criteria for the acknowledgement and the conservation of the heritage and the landscape from the very first Italian protection laws (L.1089/ 39, L.1497/39). Giovannoni and Croce contributed to the affirmation of these interpretative categories of the landscape as an aesthetic good destined to public enjoyment. The utility of the landscape was exclusively connected to visual enjoyment. This interpretation will be extended from the Galasso Law that promotes the utility of the landscape for the conservation of the biodiversity and the ecological functionality of the territory. European Landscape Convention is innovative for the Italian protection of culture because it enforces the role of the landscape as a multidimensional pattern of historical, cultural, ecological, economic values and as an expression of the local identity, diversity and as a resource for development. In this direction, the Italian Heritage and the Landscape Code (2004 and 2006) extends the object of the protection and the landscape planning to the entire territory by introducing a new dimension for the implementation in terms of projects and planning. There are still many differences in the Convention that risks weaking the challenge aimed at promoting the integration of the protection, planning, management and the valorisation of the landscape pattern.