A new concept of Photovoltaic (PV) grid-parity is presented for three typical case studies in Europe by including the distribution-network limits and the fixed costs of the electricity bills. Real cases are described for residential/tertiary sector loads: the PV penetration results, achieved without investments in the distribution upgrading, are presented through the ratio of the admissible PV energy ratio which can be close to 30% of the total consumption for residential users and 45% for tertiary-users. The future approach of distribution limits certainly will increase the electricity bills which have been analysed here in the current situation: in Germany the fixed costs are negligible, whereas in Italy the common loads of apartment-blocks are charged by the cost of the available power. The grid-parity problem is analysed by the net present value which provides the cost effectiveness or not of the PV installation. The results are obtained by the interest rates of 3–6% in Germany and 4–10% in Italy. The grid-parity for dwelling houses and tertiary-sector users is reached in Germany and Central/Southern Italy; it is achieved in Germany for the users in apartment-blocks, while it is unrealistic to be reached in Italy with the current tariff situation.

Which are the constraints to the photovoltaic grid-parity in the main European markets? / Spertino, Filippo; DI LEO, Paolo; Cocina, VALERIA CONCETTA. - In: SOLAR ENERGY. - ISSN 0038-092X. - STAMPA. - 105:(2014), pp. 390-400. [10.1016/j.solener.2014.03.021]

Which are the constraints to the photovoltaic grid-parity in the main European markets?

SPERTINO, Filippo;DI LEO, PAOLO;COCINA, VALERIA CONCETTA
2014

Abstract

A new concept of Photovoltaic (PV) grid-parity is presented for three typical case studies in Europe by including the distribution-network limits and the fixed costs of the electricity bills. Real cases are described for residential/tertiary sector loads: the PV penetration results, achieved without investments in the distribution upgrading, are presented through the ratio of the admissible PV energy ratio which can be close to 30% of the total consumption for residential users and 45% for tertiary-users. The future approach of distribution limits certainly will increase the electricity bills which have been analysed here in the current situation: in Germany the fixed costs are negligible, whereas in Italy the common loads of apartment-blocks are charged by the cost of the available power. The grid-parity problem is analysed by the net present value which provides the cost effectiveness or not of the PV installation. The results are obtained by the interest rates of 3–6% in Germany and 4–10% in Italy. The grid-parity for dwelling houses and tertiary-sector users is reached in Germany and Central/Southern Italy; it is achieved in Germany for the users in apartment-blocks, while it is unrealistic to be reached in Italy with the current tariff situation.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2543551
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